The title is a reference to one of the refrains in the song "Insane in the Brain" by Cypress Hill: "Insane in the membrane".
The robot Norm, who hears transmissions from the CIA lunchroom, is a reference to Lucille Ball, who said that in 1942 she heard Morse code signals in lead fillings in her teeth that she reported to the FBI and led to the arrest of a Japanese spy.[1]
The robot in the cafeteria that constantly tells everyone to "change places" is a reference to the Mad Hatter[2] from the story Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll; during the mad tea party, the group change seats as they need clean dishes. The robot's hat, displaying the fraction "5/3" is a parody of the price tag reading "In This Style 10/6" attached to the Mad Hatter's hat. 10/6 is equivalent to 5/3 in fractions, although the original tag referred to the hat's price of ten shillings and sixpence in pre-decimalized British coinage.
Bender claims to have Stockholm Syndrome [4] while being held hostage by Roberto.
Dr. Perceptron's head resembles a plasma lamp, a device commonly found in novelty shops, originally invented by Nikola Tesla.[5]
The robotic Abraham Lincoln is partly a homage to the animatronic Lincoln in Disneyland's Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln attraction, especially in how Lincoln rises from his chair very slowly.
Bender has a human heart in his chest compartment. He would later tell the crew in "Anthology of Interest II" that he needs a human heart to pump blood out of his basement.